Medicine for life

 Pathophysiology: poor control of diabetes leads to fetal hyperglycemia then hypertrophy of beta cells of the pancreas and hyperinsulinemia and increased hepatic glucose uptake, glycogen synthesis, lipogenesis, and protein synthesis leads to an increase in the weight of the placenta and fetal organs except for the brain. *Macrosomia LGA. *Myocardial hypertrophy. *extramedullary hematopoiesis. Separation of the placenta leads to interrupted glucose infusion, hyperinsulinemia, and hypoglycemia in 40% of cases this occurs 1-2 hours after delivery of blood glucose less than 35mg/dl. the baby suffered from lethargy, apnea, jitteriness, hypotonia, and poor feeding. 1-3% of gestational diabetic mothers. 0.5% of Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus. Clinical manifestations in the infant of the diabetic mother:  *Hypocalcemia: due to delay of parathyroid hormone rise or hypomagnesemia. *Respiratory distress: due to  # transient tachypnea of neonate (TTN). #hpertrophic cardiomyopat...

 Neonate:                 Is the period of life from the 28th week of gestational age to the 28th day after birth. Fetal assessment:                 This means a determination of well well-being of the fetus. The fetus:                  The end of the eighth week of conception is when the major structures have formed until birth. this assessment needs some common procedures: * Medical history and examination of the mother.  * Chemical assessment of placental function. *Amniocentesis for assay of amniotic fluid assay of bilirubin in Rh incompatibility &assay of respiratory distress syndrome by lecithin and sphingomyelin ratio and assay of surfactant production. *Chorionic villus sampling for genetic abnormalities. * Electronic and ultrasonic fetal H.R.monitoring, * Precautions umbilical blood sampling (cordocentesis). * Ultrasonography: a non-invasive...